Mind Magnet

This is a especially about the mind, which always try to correlate with respect to the areas of your interest as well as the events which are happening across, put together, generating lot of ideas. Those ideas are so important, then why to wait to capture them? 

- Did pharma industry using Mechantroics? 

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Fish body parts

file:///C:/Users/srinivas.samakuri/Documents/My%20Articulate%20Projects/Fish%20movement%20and%20fish%20body%20parts%20-%20Storyline%20output/story_flash.html



file:///C:/Users/srinivas.samakuri/Documents/My%20Articulate%20Projects/Fish%20movement%20and%20fish%20body%20parts%20-%20Storyline%20output/story_html5.html


https://drive.google.com/open?id=1L26ppgNsDOC2RNQ9OYAsgDoCqLA9vSya



FISH

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HmD0KsCGe740jhkqO1sREimbEe2ic_sS

International guidelines and regulatory bodies

Links to important international guidelines and regulatory bodies


WHO (Medicines)

WHO guidelines on medicines policy, intellectual property rights, financing & supply management, quality & safety, selection & rational use of medicines, technical co-operation and traditional medicines.

WHO sites

WHO guidelines on all areas relevant to health of people all over.

ICH

International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines defining quality, safety, efficacy & related aspects for developing and registering new medicinal products in Europe, Japan and the United States

OECD

Organization for Economic Collaboration and Development including 30 member countries covers economic and social issues in areas of health care.

EMEA

European Medicines Agency (EMEA), a decentralised body of the European Union headquartered in London, prescribes guidelines for inspections and general reporting and all aspects of human & veterinary medicines in the European Union.

US FDA

Regulations, guidelines, notifications, news and communications from US Food and Drug Administration.

TGA

Specifications regulating medicines, medical devices, blood, tissues & chemicals, issued by Therapeutic Goods Administration, the Australian regulatory body.

South Africa

The department of Health, South Africa.

WTO

News, resources, documents and publications of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

Codex Alimentarius

Collection of international food standards and guidelines for processed, semi–processed and raw foods, adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission under the Joint FAO / WHO Food Standards Programme.

MHRA

News, warnings, information and publications of Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), responsible for ensuring efficacy and safety of medicines and medical devices in the UK.

Health Canada

Advisories, warnings, recalls, reports, publications, activities, legislations and guidelines from Health Canada, the Federal Department responsible for health related issues in Canada.

Thai FDA

Thai Food and Drug Administration laws and regulations with respect to drugs, food, cosmetics and narcotics.

HSA, Singapore

Health Sciences Authority (HSA), the regulatory body of Singapore.

DOH, Philippines

The Department of Health, Philippines.

Medsafe,

New Zealand

Medsafe, New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority.

NPCB, Malaysia

Regulatory information, news and publications of National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Malaysia.

DGMP, Belgium

Guidelines and useful information to ensure safety, efficacy and quality of medicines, issued by Directorate-General Medicinal Products, Belgium.

BfArM, Germany

Licensing and registration guidelines for medicinal products laid down by Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany

SwissMedic

Swiss regulatory agency for therapeutic products.

MPA, Sweden

Regulatory and surveillance guidelines issued by Medical Products Agency, Sweden.

NAFDAC, Nigeria

News, regulations and guidelines issued by The National agency for Food Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Nigeria.

Vernier Caliper

How to use and read a vernier caliper？


An ordinary vernier caliper has jaws you can place around an object, and on the other side jaws made to fit inside an object. These secondary jaws are for measuring the inside diameter of an object. Also, a stiff bar extends from the caliper as you open it that can be used to measure depth.


The basic steps are as follows:



1. Preparation to take the measurement, loosen the locking screw and move the slider to check if the vernier scale works properly. Before measuring, do make sure the caliper reads 0 when fully closed. If the reading is not 0, adjust the caliper’s jaws until you get a 0 reading. If you can’t adjust the caliper, you will have to remember to add to subtract the correct offset from your final reading. Clean the measuring surfaces of both vernier caliper and the object, then you can take the measurement.



2. Close the jaws lightly on the item which you want to measure. If you are measuring something round, be sure the axis of the part is perpendicular to the caliper. Namely, make sure you are measuring the full diameter. An ordinary caliper has jaws you can place around an object, and on the other side jaws made to fit inside an object. These secondary jaws are for measuring the inside diameter of an object. Also, a stiff bar extends from the caliper as you open it that can be used to measure depth.



3. How to read the measured value:


1), Read the centimeter mark on the fixed scale to the left of the 0-mark on the vernier scale. (10mm on the fixed caliper)

2). Find the millimeter mark on the fixed scale that is just to the left of the 0-mark on the vernier scale. (6mm on the fixed caliper)

3). Look along the ten marks on the vernier scale and the millimeter marks on the adjacent fixed scale, until you find the two that most nearly line up. (0.25mm on the vernier scale)

4). To get the correct reading, simply add this found digit to your previous reading. (10mm + 6mm + 0.25mm= 16.25 mm)

4.Maintenance



Clean the surface of the vernier caliper with dry and clean cloth (or soaked with cleaning oil) and stock in a dry environment if it stands idle for a long time.

Digital Vernier Caliperse:

Least count:


The least count of any measuring equipment is the smallest quantity that can be measured accurately using that instrument.Thus Least Count indicates the degree of accuracy of measurement that can be achieved by the measuring instrument.



The Vernier scale consists of a main scale graduated in centimeters and millimeters. On the Vernier scale 0.9 cm is divided into ten equal parts. The least count or the smallest reading which you can get with the instrument can be calculated as under:


Least count = one main scale (MS) division - one vernier scale (VS) division.

= 1 mm - 0.09 mm

= 0.1 mm

= 0.01 cm


The least count of the vernier =  Value of  the smallest division on MS/Total number of divisions on VS
                                                     =  1 mm/ 10 = 0.1 cm/10 = 0.01 cm

Stability Zones

Leading UK pharmaceutical corporations, 2002(Link for contacts)

Leading UK pharmaceutical corporations, 2002
1. GlaxoSmithKline2. Pfizer3. Astra Zeneca4. Merk & Co5. Wyeth6. Novartis7. Aventis Pharma8. Pharmacia Ltd9. Roche10. Lilly11. Sanofi-Synthelabo12. Bristol-Myers Squibb13. Johnson & Johnson14. Boehringer Ingelheim15. Novo Nordisk16. Abbott17. Bayer18. Schering Plough19. Schering Ag20. Lundbeck

All company contacts available in this link:
http://www.allaboutmedicalsales.com/dir/top20_pharma_companies.html#Top

Pharmaceuticals Industries in India

Capsule

Capsule:
In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of techniques used to enclose medicines in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories.
The two main types of capsules are: Hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for dry, powdered ingredients or miniature pellets or tablets; Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.

Capsule Sizes:

Capsule Locking Mechanism:

Dosage form

A dosage form (DF) is the physical form of a dose of a chemical compound used as a drug or medication intended for administration or consumption. Common dosage forms include pill, tablet, or capsule, drink or syrup, aerosol or inhaler, liquid injection, pure powder or solid crystal (e.g., via oral ingestion or freebase smoking), and natural or herbal form such as plant or food of sorts, among many others. Notably, the route of administration (ROA) for drug delivery is dependent on the dosage form of the substance in question.

Various dosage forms may exist for a single particular drug, since different medical conditions can warrant different routes of administration. For example, persistent nausea and emesis or vomiting may make it difficult to use an oral dosage form, and in such a case, it may be necessary to utilize an alternate route such as inhalational, buccal, sublingual, nasal, suppository, or parenteral instead.